Cross Compiling For Mac Os
2021年7月11日Download here: http://gg.gg/vcus0
Compiling native code for emulators for older now-obsolete platforms like the Commodore 64 or Apple II by enthusiasts who use cross compilers that run on a current platform (such as Aztec C’s MS-DOS 6502 cross compilers running under Windows XP). If you are unfamiliar with the process of compiling a toolchain on your own computer, let me be frank: it’s not fun. Luckily, with this post you can get yours working in no time. Update 8/29/16: I have updated this tutorial in several places for newer systems. Eclipse C Compiler. With Eclipse you get advance functionality for programming in C, C on an.
*Is there a way to cross compile for Mac OS X and iOS on Ubuntu? I found mingw-w64 packages and they work well for Windows and it seems I can cross compile for Android as well with gcc-arm-linux packages but I couldn’t find an equivalent for Darwin X. I understand there might be some legal issues when dealing with Apple, but Fedora has cross compiler for Darwin X so I’m not sure.
*Compiling and building in Visual Studio for Mac.; 2 minutes to read +3; In this article. Visual Studio for Mac can be used to build applications and create assemblies during the development of.
In my previous posts, I came to the realization that the Raspberry Pi is not very fast! This results lots of chair spinning time while waiting for my projects to compile. A
After I did some brief research, I came across crosstool-ng. It enagbles anyone to create a toolchain to compile Raspberry Pi code directly on a (much faster) Macbook.
If you are unfamiliar with the process of compiling a toolchain on your own computer, let me be frank: it’s not fun.
Luckily, with this post you can get yours working in no time.
Update 8/29/16: I have updated this tutorial in several places for newer systems. I’m currently running a Macbook Pro with 10.11.6.
Note 8/29: This tutorial now is focused on the Raspberry Pi 3 B. Steps can be tweaked to account for older Pis
So without further ado lets do this thing.Before we get started
Before we start anything I recently compiled the toolchain for RPi3. It will save you a whole bunch of time to download it here rather than go through this procedure.
These files include:
*
Linux Kernel: 4.3
*
hardfp: yes
*
arch: armv8-a
*
Tecplot 360 for mac. proc: cortex-a53
*
glibc 2_22
*
gcc 5.2.0
*
binutils 2.25.1
*
gdb 7.10
*
gmp 6.0.0
*
mpfr 3.1.3
*
mpc 1.0.3
For those who want to continue for giggles, by all means…Install Homebrew
You will need Hombrew to install some dependencies. If you haven’t already installed it you can run the command below:Install crosstool-ng
Note: a few other dependencies get installed when crosstool-ng is compiled. Be prepared to wait a little while everything assembles.Install gettextCross Compiling For Mac Os 10.13
Note: this is more of a precaution then a requirement. I believe by the end of this process that this was not necessary for getting crosstool-ng to work.Create two case-sensitive disk images
Open up Disk utility. Click on the New Image button.
1. You need a disk at least 15GB in size. This will house all the source code and object files when all said and done.
2. The next disk can be exactly the same but only 250MB in size. (When fully compiled and compressed everything turned out to be around 107MB)
Note 8/29: for some reason there is a bug on OSX which prevents you from formating a case sensitive drive in Disk Utility. So create a non-case sensitive image and format it to a case sensitive one. The file system needs to be case sensitive.
Note* 8/29: Also, should you make a disk that is not the correct size, you can invoke the resize command to fix it!Install GNU grep
Crosstools relies on the use of GNU grep. The grep built with OSX is not 100% exactly the same. So, let’s build it!
Note 8/29: this now can be done while installing crosstool-ng using the --with-grep option.Edit paths.sh file
My paths.sh file was located here:
I changed the grep line from:
To:
Note 8/29: likely can be avoided with the note above. You can also edit your .bash_profile to temporarily set which grep to useLoad the Linux/GNU option
This will load a general Linux/GNU config. We’ll end up replacing the config but it gives us a good starting point.
Note 8/29: this is a better starting point than my original suggestion. The config file below will change the remaining settings to accomodate for the different processor.Install config file
Download the config file here.
You will have to copy it to your case sensitive disk image and rename it to .config.Modify the config file
Run the following in your working directory.
Change the following as needed. Note: This only needs to be changed if you change the names of the .dmg images.Paths and misc options
Note: all of these are under the ** Paths ** section.
*
Local tarballs directory
I used /Volumes/xtools-build-env/src. Make sure you set yours to your setup.
*
Working directory
I used /Volumes/xtools-build-env/.build. Make sure you set yours to your setup.
*
Prefix directory
I used /Volumes/xtools/${CT_TARGET}. Make sure you set yours to your setup.
Note: the next few settings are under the ** Extracting ** section.
*
Stop after extracting tarballs
This option should be checked.
*
Parallel jobs
Note 8/29: new version already has this value set. You can leave it be.Download and extract the packages
Run the following command:
The build command will stop after extracting all the sources.Change source file
In ./.build/src/binutils-2.25.1/gold/gold-threads.cc you will need to change the file at line 284. Here is the before and after code blocks:
Change it to:Update the ulimit
Ulimit controls the amount of resources allowed by a shell instance. In this case we need to increase this limit in order to prevent compilation errors.Undo some the extract only config option
Undo one of the config settings we changed earlier. Open up:Paths and misc options.
Note: the next few settings are under the ** Extracting ** section.
*
Stop after extracting tarballs
This option should be unchecked.Begin the build!
Run:Play the waiting gameCross Compiling With Visual Studio
Depending on how fast your setup is it may take a few hours to compile fully. If you’re impatient you can always get the binaries I just compiled hereIn the end
By the time it’s done doing its thing you should have a fully capable cross platform toolchain for the Raspberry Pi! (Woot) An easy way to test it is to do the following:
(Hit ctrl-d to escape)
Copy test over to your Raspberry Pi.
Then ssh in and run the test executableOther Notes
New notes as of 8/29 are as follows:
STOP/RESTART Crosstools now has a nifty stop and restart feature. Should a build break on a particular sub-component, you can actually fix the issue and continue the build from where it broke. It saves a ton of time. In order to take advantage of the feature you need to enable CT_DEBUG_CT_SAVE_STEPS in your .config
Then you can invoke the STOP or RESTART command:
ct-ng list-stepsct-ng build RESTART=cc_core_pass_1
Building Static Becuase OSX does not build based on static libraries we need to make sure those options are disabled. This is already done in my config file but for those who are interested here are the flags:
Thank you to Rolando for posting this in the comments!Many thanks
I used several blog posts and articles over the web to get this to work. Many thanks to their previous efforts.
Last Modified: 2020.3.7 (Redirected from Canadian cross)Program executionGeneral concepts
*Translation
*Compiler
*Intermediate representation (IR)
*Execution
*Runtime systemTypes of codeCompilation strategies
*Just-in-time (JIT)
*Ahead-of-time (AOT)Notable runtimes
*Android Runtime (ART)
*Common Language Runtime (CLR) & Mono
*Java virtual machine (JVM)
*V8Notable compilers & toolchains
*GNU Compiler Collection (GCC)
*LLVM
A cross compiler is a compiler capable of creating executable code for a platform other than the one on which the compiler is running. For example, a compiler that runs on a Windows 7PC but generates code that runs on Androidsmartphone is a cross compiler.
A cross compiler is necessary to compile code for multiple platforms from one development host. Direct compilation on the target platform might be infeasible, for example on a microcontroller of an embedded system, because those systems contain no operating system. In paravirtualization, one computer runs multiple operating systems and a cross compiler could generate an executable for each of them from one main source.
Cross compilers are distinct from source-to-source compilers. A cross compiler is for cross-platform software development of machine code, while a source-to-source compiler translates from one programming language to another in text code. Both are programming tools.Use[edit]
The fundamental use of a cross compiler is to separate the build environment from target environment. This is useful in several situations:
*Embedded computers where a device has extremely limited resources. For example, a microwave oven will have an extremely small computer to read its touchpad and door sensor, provide output to a digital display and speaker, and to control the machinery for cooking food. This computer will not be powerful enough to run a compiler, a file system, or a development environment. Since debugging and testing may also require more resources than are available on an embedded system, cross-compilation can be less involved and less prone to errors than native compilation.
*Compiling for multiple machines. For example, a company may wish to support several different versions of an operating system or to support several different operating systems. By using a cross compiler, a single build environment can be set up to compile for each of these targets.
*Compiling on a server farm. Similar to compiling for multiple machines, a complicated build that involves many compile operations can be executed across any machine that is free, regardless of its underlying hardware or the operating system version that it is running.
*Bootstrapping to a new platform. When developing software for a new platform, or the emulator of a future platform, one uses a cross compiler to compile necessary tools such as the operating system and a native compiler.
*Compiling native code for emulators for older now-obsolete platforms like the Commodore 64 or Apple II by enthusiasts who use cross compilers that run on a current platform (such as Aztec C’s MS-DOS 6502 cross compilers running under Windows XP).
Use of virtual machines (such as Java’s JVM) resolves some of the reasons for which cross compilers were developed. The virtual machine paradigm allows the same compiler output to be used across multiple target systems, although this is not always ideal because virtual machines are often slower and the compiled program can only be run on computers with that virtual machine.
Typically the hardware architecture differs (e.g. compiling a program destined for the MIPS architecture on an x86 computer) but cross-compilation is also applicable when only the operating system environment differs, as when compiling a FreeBSD program under Linux, or even just the system library, as when compiling programs with uClibc on a glibc host.Canadian Cross[edit]
The Canadian Cross is a technique for building cross compilers for other machines. Given three machines A, B, and C, one uses machine A (e.g. running Windows XP on an IA-32 processor) to build a cross compiler that runs on machine B (e.g. running Mac OS X on an x86-64 processor) to create executables for machine C (e.g. running Android on an ARM processor). When using the Canadian Cross with GCC, there may be four compilers involved
*The proprietary native Compiler for machine A (1) (e.g. compiler from Microsoft Visual Studio) is used to build the gcc native compiler for machine A (2).
*The gcc native compiler for machine A (2) is used to build the gcc cross compiler from machine A to machine B (3)
*The gcc cross compiler from machine A to machine B (3) is used to build the gcc cross compiler from machine B to machine C (4)
The end-result cross compiler (4) will not be able to run on build machine A; instead it would run on machine B to compile an application into executable code that would then be copied to machine C and executed on machine C.
For instance, NetBSD provides a POSIXUnix shell script named build.sh which will first build its own toolchain with the host’s compiler; this, in turn, will be used to build the cross compiler which will be used to build the whole system.
The term Canadian Cross came about because at the time that these issues were under discussion, Canada had three national political parties.[1]Timeline of early cross compilers[edit]
*1979 – ALGOL 68C generated ZCODE; this aided porting the compiler and other ALGOL 68 applications to alternate platforms. To compile the ALGOL 68C compiler required about 120kB of memory. With Z80 its 64kB memory is too small to actually compile the compiler. So for the Z80 the compiler itself had to be cross compiled from the larger CAP capability computer or an IBM System/370 mainframe.GCC and cross compilation[edit]
GCC, a free software collection of compilers, can be set up to cross compile. It supports many platforms and languages.
GCC requires that a compiled copy of binutils be available for each targeted platform. Especially important is the GNU Assembler. Therefore, binutils first has to be compiled correctly with the switch --target=some-target sent to the configure script. GCC also has to be configured with the same --target option. GCC can then be run normally provided that the tools, which binutils creates, are available in the path, which can be done using the following (on UNIX-like operating systems with bash):
Cross compiling GCC requires that a portion of the target platform’s C standard library be available on the host platform. The programmer may choose to compile the full C library, but this choice could be unreliable. The alternative is to use newlib, which is a small C library containing only the most essential components required to compile C source code.
The GNU autotools packages (i.e. autoconf, automake, and libtool) use the notion of a build platform, a host platform, and a target platform. The build platform is where the compiler is actually compiled. In most cases, build should be left undefined (it will default from host). The host platform is always where the output artifacts from the compiler will be executed whether the output is another compiler or not. The target platform is used when cross compiling cross compilers, it represents what type of object code the package itself will produce; otherwise the target platform setting is irrelevant.[2] For example, consider cross-compiling a video game that will run on a Dreamcast. The machine where the game is compiled is the build platform while the Dreamcast is the host platform. The names host and target are relative to the compiler being used and shifted like son and grand-son.[3]
Another method popularly used by embedded Linux developers involves the combination of GCC compilers with specialized sandboxes like Scratchbox, scratchbox2, or PRoot. These tools create a ’chrooted’ sandbox where the programmer can build up necessary tools, libc, and libraries without having to set extra paths. Facilities are also provided to ’deceive’ the runtime so that it ’believes’ it is actually running on the intended target CPU (such as an ARM architecture); this allows configuration scripts and the like to run without error. Scratchbox runs more slowly by comparison to ’non-chrooted’ methods, and most tools that are on the host must be moved into Scratchbox to function.Manx Aztec C cross compilers[edit]
Manx Software Systems, of Shrewsbury, New Jersey, produced C compilers beginning in the 1980s targeted at professional developers for a variety of platforms up to and including PCs and Macs.
Manx’s Aztec Cprogramming language was available for a variety of platforms including MS-DOS, Apple II, DOS 3.3 and ProDOS, Commodore 64, Macintosh 68XXX[4] and Amiga.
From the 1980s and continuing throughout the 1990s until Manx Software Systems disappeared, the MS-DOS version of Aztec C[5] was offered both as a native mode compiler or as a cross compiler for other platforms with different processors including the Commodore 64[6] and Apple II.[7] Internet distributions still exist for Aztec C including their MS-DOS based cross compilers. They are still in use today.
Manx’s Aztec C86, their native mode 8086 MS-DOS compiler, was also a cross compiler. Although it did not compile code for a different processor like their Aztec C65 6502 cross compilers for the Commodore 64 and Apple II, it created binary executables for then-legacy operating systems for the 16 bit 8086 family of processors.
When the IBM PC was first introduced it was available with a choice of operating systems, CP/M-86 and PC DOS being two of them. Aztec C86 was provided with link libraries for generating code for both IBM PC operating systems. Throughout the 1980s later versions of Aztec C86 (3.xx, 4.xx and 5.xx) added support for MS-DOS ’transitory’ versions 1 and 2[8] and which were less robust than the ’baseline’ MS-DOS version 3 and later which Aztec C86 targeted until its demise.
Finally, Aztec C86 provided C language developers with the ability to produce ROM-able’HEX’ code which could then be transferred using a ROM burner directly to an 8086 based processor. Paravirtualization may be more common today but the practice of creating low-level ROM code was more common per-capita during those years when device driver development was often done by application programmers for individual applications, and new devices amounted to a cottage industry. It was not uncommon for application programmers to interface directly with hardware without support from the manufacturer. This practice was similar to Embedded Systems Development today.
Thomas Fenwick and James Goodnow II were the two principal developers of Aztec-C. Fenwick later became notable as the author of the MicrosoftWindows CEkernel or NK (’New Kernel’) as it was then called.[9]Microsoft C cross compilers[edit]Early history – 1980s[edit]
Microsoft C (MSC) has a shorter history than others[10] dating back to the 1980s. The first Microsoft C Compilers were made by the same company who made Lattice C and were rebranded by Microsoft as their own, until MSC 4 was released, which was the first version that Microsoft produced themselves.[11]
In 1987 many developers started switching to Microsoft C, and many more would follow throughout the development of Microsoft Windows to its present state. Products like Clipper and later Clarion emerged that offere
https://diarynote.indered.space
Compiling native code for emulators for older now-obsolete platforms like the Commodore 64 or Apple II by enthusiasts who use cross compilers that run on a current platform (such as Aztec C’s MS-DOS 6502 cross compilers running under Windows XP). If you are unfamiliar with the process of compiling a toolchain on your own computer, let me be frank: it’s not fun. Luckily, with this post you can get yours working in no time. Update 8/29/16: I have updated this tutorial in several places for newer systems. Eclipse C Compiler. With Eclipse you get advance functionality for programming in C, C on an.
*Is there a way to cross compile for Mac OS X and iOS on Ubuntu? I found mingw-w64 packages and they work well for Windows and it seems I can cross compile for Android as well with gcc-arm-linux packages but I couldn’t find an equivalent for Darwin X. I understand there might be some legal issues when dealing with Apple, but Fedora has cross compiler for Darwin X so I’m not sure.
*Compiling and building in Visual Studio for Mac.; 2 minutes to read +3; In this article. Visual Studio for Mac can be used to build applications and create assemblies during the development of.
In my previous posts, I came to the realization that the Raspberry Pi is not very fast! This results lots of chair spinning time while waiting for my projects to compile. A
After I did some brief research, I came across crosstool-ng. It enagbles anyone to create a toolchain to compile Raspberry Pi code directly on a (much faster) Macbook.
If you are unfamiliar with the process of compiling a toolchain on your own computer, let me be frank: it’s not fun.
Luckily, with this post you can get yours working in no time.
Update 8/29/16: I have updated this tutorial in several places for newer systems. I’m currently running a Macbook Pro with 10.11.6.
Note 8/29: This tutorial now is focused on the Raspberry Pi 3 B. Steps can be tweaked to account for older Pis
So without further ado lets do this thing.Before we get started
Before we start anything I recently compiled the toolchain for RPi3. It will save you a whole bunch of time to download it here rather than go through this procedure.
These files include:
*
Linux Kernel: 4.3
*
hardfp: yes
*
arch: armv8-a
*
Tecplot 360 for mac. proc: cortex-a53
*
glibc 2_22
*
gcc 5.2.0
*
binutils 2.25.1
*
gdb 7.10
*
gmp 6.0.0
*
mpfr 3.1.3
*
mpc 1.0.3
For those who want to continue for giggles, by all means…Install Homebrew
You will need Hombrew to install some dependencies. If you haven’t already installed it you can run the command below:Install crosstool-ng
Note: a few other dependencies get installed when crosstool-ng is compiled. Be prepared to wait a little while everything assembles.Install gettextCross Compiling For Mac Os 10.13
Note: this is more of a precaution then a requirement. I believe by the end of this process that this was not necessary for getting crosstool-ng to work.Create two case-sensitive disk images
Open up Disk utility. Click on the New Image button.
1. You need a disk at least 15GB in size. This will house all the source code and object files when all said and done.
2. The next disk can be exactly the same but only 250MB in size. (When fully compiled and compressed everything turned out to be around 107MB)
Note 8/29: for some reason there is a bug on OSX which prevents you from formating a case sensitive drive in Disk Utility. So create a non-case sensitive image and format it to a case sensitive one. The file system needs to be case sensitive.
Note* 8/29: Also, should you make a disk that is not the correct size, you can invoke the resize command to fix it!Install GNU grep
Crosstools relies on the use of GNU grep. The grep built with OSX is not 100% exactly the same. So, let’s build it!
Note 8/29: this now can be done while installing crosstool-ng using the --with-grep option.Edit paths.sh file
My paths.sh file was located here:
I changed the grep line from:
To:
Note 8/29: likely can be avoided with the note above. You can also edit your .bash_profile to temporarily set which grep to useLoad the Linux/GNU option
This will load a general Linux/GNU config. We’ll end up replacing the config but it gives us a good starting point.
Note 8/29: this is a better starting point than my original suggestion. The config file below will change the remaining settings to accomodate for the different processor.Install config file
Download the config file here.
You will have to copy it to your case sensitive disk image and rename it to .config.Modify the config file
Run the following in your working directory.
Change the following as needed. Note: This only needs to be changed if you change the names of the .dmg images.Paths and misc options
Note: all of these are under the ** Paths ** section.
*
Local tarballs directory
I used /Volumes/xtools-build-env/src. Make sure you set yours to your setup.
*
Working directory
I used /Volumes/xtools-build-env/.build. Make sure you set yours to your setup.
*
Prefix directory
I used /Volumes/xtools/${CT_TARGET}. Make sure you set yours to your setup.
Note: the next few settings are under the ** Extracting ** section.
*
Stop after extracting tarballs
This option should be checked.
*
Parallel jobs
Note 8/29: new version already has this value set. You can leave it be.Download and extract the packages
Run the following command:
The build command will stop after extracting all the sources.Change source file
In ./.build/src/binutils-2.25.1/gold/gold-threads.cc you will need to change the file at line 284. Here is the before and after code blocks:
Change it to:Update the ulimit
Ulimit controls the amount of resources allowed by a shell instance. In this case we need to increase this limit in order to prevent compilation errors.Undo some the extract only config option
Undo one of the config settings we changed earlier. Open up:Paths and misc options.
Note: the next few settings are under the ** Extracting ** section.
*
Stop after extracting tarballs
This option should be unchecked.Begin the build!
Run:Play the waiting gameCross Compiling With Visual Studio
Depending on how fast your setup is it may take a few hours to compile fully. If you’re impatient you can always get the binaries I just compiled hereIn the end
By the time it’s done doing its thing you should have a fully capable cross platform toolchain for the Raspberry Pi! (Woot) An easy way to test it is to do the following:
(Hit ctrl-d to escape)
Copy test over to your Raspberry Pi.
Then ssh in and run the test executableOther Notes
New notes as of 8/29 are as follows:
STOP/RESTART Crosstools now has a nifty stop and restart feature. Should a build break on a particular sub-component, you can actually fix the issue and continue the build from where it broke. It saves a ton of time. In order to take advantage of the feature you need to enable CT_DEBUG_CT_SAVE_STEPS in your .config
Then you can invoke the STOP or RESTART command:
ct-ng list-stepsct-ng build RESTART=cc_core_pass_1
Building Static Becuase OSX does not build based on static libraries we need to make sure those options are disabled. This is already done in my config file but for those who are interested here are the flags:
Thank you to Rolando for posting this in the comments!Many thanks
I used several blog posts and articles over the web to get this to work. Many thanks to their previous efforts.
Last Modified: 2020.3.7 (Redirected from Canadian cross)Program executionGeneral concepts
*Translation
*Compiler
*Intermediate representation (IR)
*Execution
*Runtime systemTypes of codeCompilation strategies
*Just-in-time (JIT)
*Ahead-of-time (AOT)Notable runtimes
*Android Runtime (ART)
*Common Language Runtime (CLR) & Mono
*Java virtual machine (JVM)
*V8Notable compilers & toolchains
*GNU Compiler Collection (GCC)
*LLVM
A cross compiler is a compiler capable of creating executable code for a platform other than the one on which the compiler is running. For example, a compiler that runs on a Windows 7PC but generates code that runs on Androidsmartphone is a cross compiler.
A cross compiler is necessary to compile code for multiple platforms from one development host. Direct compilation on the target platform might be infeasible, for example on a microcontroller of an embedded system, because those systems contain no operating system. In paravirtualization, one computer runs multiple operating systems and a cross compiler could generate an executable for each of them from one main source.
Cross compilers are distinct from source-to-source compilers. A cross compiler is for cross-platform software development of machine code, while a source-to-source compiler translates from one programming language to another in text code. Both are programming tools.Use[edit]
The fundamental use of a cross compiler is to separate the build environment from target environment. This is useful in several situations:
*Embedded computers where a device has extremely limited resources. For example, a microwave oven will have an extremely small computer to read its touchpad and door sensor, provide output to a digital display and speaker, and to control the machinery for cooking food. This computer will not be powerful enough to run a compiler, a file system, or a development environment. Since debugging and testing may also require more resources than are available on an embedded system, cross-compilation can be less involved and less prone to errors than native compilation.
*Compiling for multiple machines. For example, a company may wish to support several different versions of an operating system or to support several different operating systems. By using a cross compiler, a single build environment can be set up to compile for each of these targets.
*Compiling on a server farm. Similar to compiling for multiple machines, a complicated build that involves many compile operations can be executed across any machine that is free, regardless of its underlying hardware or the operating system version that it is running.
*Bootstrapping to a new platform. When developing software for a new platform, or the emulator of a future platform, one uses a cross compiler to compile necessary tools such as the operating system and a native compiler.
*Compiling native code for emulators for older now-obsolete platforms like the Commodore 64 or Apple II by enthusiasts who use cross compilers that run on a current platform (such as Aztec C’s MS-DOS 6502 cross compilers running under Windows XP).
Use of virtual machines (such as Java’s JVM) resolves some of the reasons for which cross compilers were developed. The virtual machine paradigm allows the same compiler output to be used across multiple target systems, although this is not always ideal because virtual machines are often slower and the compiled program can only be run on computers with that virtual machine.
Typically the hardware architecture differs (e.g. compiling a program destined for the MIPS architecture on an x86 computer) but cross-compilation is also applicable when only the operating system environment differs, as when compiling a FreeBSD program under Linux, or even just the system library, as when compiling programs with uClibc on a glibc host.Canadian Cross[edit]
The Canadian Cross is a technique for building cross compilers for other machines. Given three machines A, B, and C, one uses machine A (e.g. running Windows XP on an IA-32 processor) to build a cross compiler that runs on machine B (e.g. running Mac OS X on an x86-64 processor) to create executables for machine C (e.g. running Android on an ARM processor). When using the Canadian Cross with GCC, there may be four compilers involved
*The proprietary native Compiler for machine A (1) (e.g. compiler from Microsoft Visual Studio) is used to build the gcc native compiler for machine A (2).
*The gcc native compiler for machine A (2) is used to build the gcc cross compiler from machine A to machine B (3)
*The gcc cross compiler from machine A to machine B (3) is used to build the gcc cross compiler from machine B to machine C (4)
The end-result cross compiler (4) will not be able to run on build machine A; instead it would run on machine B to compile an application into executable code that would then be copied to machine C and executed on machine C.
For instance, NetBSD provides a POSIXUnix shell script named build.sh which will first build its own toolchain with the host’s compiler; this, in turn, will be used to build the cross compiler which will be used to build the whole system.
The term Canadian Cross came about because at the time that these issues were under discussion, Canada had three national political parties.[1]Timeline of early cross compilers[edit]
*1979 – ALGOL 68C generated ZCODE; this aided porting the compiler and other ALGOL 68 applications to alternate platforms. To compile the ALGOL 68C compiler required about 120kB of memory. With Z80 its 64kB memory is too small to actually compile the compiler. So for the Z80 the compiler itself had to be cross compiled from the larger CAP capability computer or an IBM System/370 mainframe.GCC and cross compilation[edit]
GCC, a free software collection of compilers, can be set up to cross compile. It supports many platforms and languages.
GCC requires that a compiled copy of binutils be available for each targeted platform. Especially important is the GNU Assembler. Therefore, binutils first has to be compiled correctly with the switch --target=some-target sent to the configure script. GCC also has to be configured with the same --target option. GCC can then be run normally provided that the tools, which binutils creates, are available in the path, which can be done using the following (on UNIX-like operating systems with bash):
Cross compiling GCC requires that a portion of the target platform’s C standard library be available on the host platform. The programmer may choose to compile the full C library, but this choice could be unreliable. The alternative is to use newlib, which is a small C library containing only the most essential components required to compile C source code.
The GNU autotools packages (i.e. autoconf, automake, and libtool) use the notion of a build platform, a host platform, and a target platform. The build platform is where the compiler is actually compiled. In most cases, build should be left undefined (it will default from host). The host platform is always where the output artifacts from the compiler will be executed whether the output is another compiler or not. The target platform is used when cross compiling cross compilers, it represents what type of object code the package itself will produce; otherwise the target platform setting is irrelevant.[2] For example, consider cross-compiling a video game that will run on a Dreamcast. The machine where the game is compiled is the build platform while the Dreamcast is the host platform. The names host and target are relative to the compiler being used and shifted like son and grand-son.[3]
Another method popularly used by embedded Linux developers involves the combination of GCC compilers with specialized sandboxes like Scratchbox, scratchbox2, or PRoot. These tools create a ’chrooted’ sandbox where the programmer can build up necessary tools, libc, and libraries without having to set extra paths. Facilities are also provided to ’deceive’ the runtime so that it ’believes’ it is actually running on the intended target CPU (such as an ARM architecture); this allows configuration scripts and the like to run without error. Scratchbox runs more slowly by comparison to ’non-chrooted’ methods, and most tools that are on the host must be moved into Scratchbox to function.Manx Aztec C cross compilers[edit]
Manx Software Systems, of Shrewsbury, New Jersey, produced C compilers beginning in the 1980s targeted at professional developers for a variety of platforms up to and including PCs and Macs.
Manx’s Aztec Cprogramming language was available for a variety of platforms including MS-DOS, Apple II, DOS 3.3 and ProDOS, Commodore 64, Macintosh 68XXX[4] and Amiga.
From the 1980s and continuing throughout the 1990s until Manx Software Systems disappeared, the MS-DOS version of Aztec C[5] was offered both as a native mode compiler or as a cross compiler for other platforms with different processors including the Commodore 64[6] and Apple II.[7] Internet distributions still exist for Aztec C including their MS-DOS based cross compilers. They are still in use today.
Manx’s Aztec C86, their native mode 8086 MS-DOS compiler, was also a cross compiler. Although it did not compile code for a different processor like their Aztec C65 6502 cross compilers for the Commodore 64 and Apple II, it created binary executables for then-legacy operating systems for the 16 bit 8086 family of processors.
When the IBM PC was first introduced it was available with a choice of operating systems, CP/M-86 and PC DOS being two of them. Aztec C86 was provided with link libraries for generating code for both IBM PC operating systems. Throughout the 1980s later versions of Aztec C86 (3.xx, 4.xx and 5.xx) added support for MS-DOS ’transitory’ versions 1 and 2[8] and which were less robust than the ’baseline’ MS-DOS version 3 and later which Aztec C86 targeted until its demise.
Finally, Aztec C86 provided C language developers with the ability to produce ROM-able’HEX’ code which could then be transferred using a ROM burner directly to an 8086 based processor. Paravirtualization may be more common today but the practice of creating low-level ROM code was more common per-capita during those years when device driver development was often done by application programmers for individual applications, and new devices amounted to a cottage industry. It was not uncommon for application programmers to interface directly with hardware without support from the manufacturer. This practice was similar to Embedded Systems Development today.
Thomas Fenwick and James Goodnow II were the two principal developers of Aztec-C. Fenwick later became notable as the author of the MicrosoftWindows CEkernel or NK (’New Kernel’) as it was then called.[9]Microsoft C cross compilers[edit]Early history – 1980s[edit]
Microsoft C (MSC) has a shorter history than others[10] dating back to the 1980s. The first Microsoft C Compilers were made by the same company who made Lattice C and were rebranded by Microsoft as their own, until MSC 4 was released, which was the first version that Microsoft produced themselves.[11]
In 1987 many developers started switching to Microsoft C, and many more would follow throughout the development of Microsoft Windows to its present state. Products like Clipper and later Clarion emerged that offere
https://diarynote.indered.space
コメント